Body systems, terminology, pathology, safety and clinical reasoning. Answer first, then open the explanation.
1. Which organelle is most associated with aerobic ATP production? A Ribosome · B Mitochondrion · C Golgi · D Lysosome
B. Mitochondria are major sites of aerobic ATP production.
2. Water movement across a selectively permeable membrane in response to solute concentration is: A Active transport · B Osmosis · C Exocytosis · D Phagocytosis
B.
3. Which tissue type includes tendons, bone and blood? A Epithelial · B Nervous · C Connective · D Muscle
C. Connective tissue is a broad category with very different subtypes.
4. Which brain region is especially associated with coordination and motor learning? A Cerebellum · B Medulla only · C Pituitary · D Frontal sinus
A.
5. Sensory information traveling toward the CNS is described as: A Efferent · B Afferent · C Distal · D Autonomic only
B.
6. Which structure normally initiates the heartbeat? A AV node · B SA node · C Mitral valve · D Aorta
B. SA node is the normal pacemaker.
7. Blood leaving the right ventricle next enters the: A Aorta · B Pulmonary trunk/arteries · C Pulmonary veins · D Left atrium
B.
8. Which blood component is most directly involved in hemostasis? A Platelets · B Neurons · C Osteocytes · D Chondrocytes
A.
9. Which lymphoid organ filters blood rather than lymph? A Lymph node · B Spleen · C Thyroid · D Pituitary
B.
10. Which cells can differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells? A B lymphocytes · B RBCs · C Osteoclasts · D Fibroblasts
A.
11. The primary muscle of quiet inspiration is the: A Rectus abdominis · B Diaphragm · C Trapezius · D Latissimus
B.
12. Most nutrient absorption occurs in the: A Esophagus · B Small intestine · C Rectum · D Gallbladder
B.
13. The functional unit of the kidney is the: A Nephron · B Alveolus · C Sarcomere · D Osteon
A.
14. Which hormone generally lowers blood glucose? A Glucagon · B Insulin · C Epinephrine · D PTH
B.
15. Which cells resorb bone? A Osteoblasts · B Osteoclasts · C Osteocytes · D Chondroblasts
B. Osteoblasts build; osteoclasts resorb.
16. Perimysium surrounds a: A Whole muscle · B Fascicle · C Individual myofilament · D Bone
B. Epimysium surrounds whole muscle; endomysium individual fibers.
17. “Hypoglycemia” most literally indicates: A high blood protein · B low blood glucose · C low blood oxygen · D high tissue calcium
B. hypo=low, glyc=sugar/glucose, emia=blood condition.
18. A structure farther from the trunk along a limb is: A Proximal · B Distal · C Medial · D Superior
B.
19. A hot, swollen, exquisitely painful gout flare at the great toe should receive: A aggressive friction · B direct tapotement · C local avoidance during acute inflammation · D forced stretching
C.
20. A client with osteoporosis generally requires attention to: A increasing force to strengthen bone immediately · B pressure, leverage and positioning · C carotid compression · D only skin temperature
B.
21. Why is deep pressure over the cubital tunnel risky? A Ulnar nerve is superficial there · B Femoral artery is there · C It contains the spleen · D It is the carotid sinus
A.
22. New unilateral calf warmth/swelling after prolonged immobility should lead to: A deep calf work · B heat · C no massage and prompt medical evaluation · D vigorous stretching
C. Possible DVT must be ruled out.
23. Which statement is most accurate? A All inflammation is infection · B Infection and inflammation are identical · C Infection can cause inflammation, but inflammation can occur without infection · D Massage eliminates infection
C.
24. Client says a technique produces electrical pain down the arm. Best response? A Increase pressure · B Hold until numb · C Stop/modify and reassess · D Explain it is a trigger point
C. Electrical/radiating symptoms can indicate neural irritation.
25. Which is outside appropriate massage scope? A Documenting observed redness · B Asking about symptoms · C Diagnosing cellulitis · D Referring concerning findings
C. Describe and refer rather than diagnose.