Epidermis is keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Dermis is connective tissue containing vessels, nerves, glands and follicles. Hypodermis/subcutaneous tissue lies deep to skin and contains connective/adipose tissue.
Keratinocytes dominate; melanocytes produce melanin; immune and sensory-associated cells also occur. The epidermis itself is avascular.
Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails are integumentary structures. Eccrine sweating is important in thermoregulation.
Barrier protection, sensation, thermoregulation, vitamin D-related synthesis, immune defense and prevention of excessive fluid loss.
Before contact note wounds, rashes, bruising, unusual warmth, swelling, suspicious lesions, fragile tissue and signs of infection. Describe findings without diagnosing.
Psoriasis: chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease, not contagious. Fungal/bacterial/viral infections: contagious potential varies; active infectious lesions generally require local avoidance and infection-control decisions. Open wounds: local contraindication and contamination risk.
Be able to identify the major structures, state their functions, connect the system to relevant pathology and explain how the information changes massage safety or treatment planning.