Anatomy & Physiology Retrieval Drill · 60

Answer before opening. Mix systems instead of studying one chapter at a time.

1. Cell organelle producing most ATP?

Mitochondria.

2. Passive movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Osmosis.

3. Transport requiring cellular energy?

Active transport.

4. Four primary tissue types?

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous.

5. Mature bone cell?

Osteocyte.

6. Bone-building cell?

Osteoblast.

7. Bone-resorbing cell?

Osteoclast.

8. Shaft of long bone?

Diaphysis.

9. Ends of long bone?

Epiphyses.

10. Most bones form by which ossification process?

Endochondral ossification.

11. Connective covering around whole muscle?

Epimysium.

12. Around fascicle?

Perimysium.

13. Around muscle fiber?

Endomysium.

14. Functional contractile unit from Z disc to Z disc?

Sarcomere.

15. Calcium binds what regulatory protein in skeletal muscle?

Troponin.

16. Motor unit definition?

One motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.

17. Muscle contraction while lengthening?

Eccentric.

18. Length-sensitive proprioceptor?

Muscle spindle.

19. Tension-sensitive proprioceptor?

Golgi tendon organ.

20. Heart chamber sending blood to lungs?

Right ventricle.

21. Vessel carrying oxygenated blood from lungs to heart?

Pulmonary veins.

22. Heart's normal pacemaker?

SA node.

23. Primary site of exchange between blood and tissues?

Capillaries.

24. Cell type carrying oxygen via hemoglobin?

Red blood cell/erythrocyte.

25. CNS consists of?

Brain and spinal cord.

26. Afferent means?

Sensory information toward CNS.

27. Efferent means?

Motor output away from CNS.

28. Sympathetic division broadly supports?

Fight-or-flight/activity responses.

29. Parasympathetic division broadly supports?

Rest-and-digest functions.

30. Basic functional unit of nervous system?

Neuron.

31. Epidermis vascular or avascular?

Avascular.

32. Deepest epidermal stratum?

Stratum basale.

33. Stratum lucidum is characteristic of?

Thick skin.

34. Gland producing sebum?

Sebaceous gland.

35. Receptor associated with deep pressure/high-frequency vibration?

Pacinian corpuscle.

36. Primary muscle of inspiration?

Diaphragm.

37. Site of pulmonary gas exchange?

Alveoli.

38. Most oxygen travels in blood bound to?

Hemoglobin.

39. Main chemical form carrying most CO2?

Bicarbonate.

40. Major site of nutrient absorption?

Small intestine.

41. First small-intestine segment?

Duodenum.

42. Organ that produces bile?

Liver.

43. Organ that stores/concentrates bile?

Gallbladder.

44. Pancreas has endocrine and what other function?

Exocrine digestive function.

45. Functional unit of kidney?

Nephron.

46. Filtration occurs primarily at?

Renal corpuscle/glomerulus.

47. Hormone promoting water reabsorption in collecting ducts?

ADH.

48. Hormone from adrenal cortex promoting sodium retention?

Aldosterone.

49. Hormone that lowers blood glucose?

Insulin.

50. Hormone that raises blood glucose?

Glucagon.

51. Pituitary hormone stimulating thyroid?

TSH.

52. Parathyroid hormone abbreviation?

PTH.

53. Adrenal medulla secretes primarily?

Epinephrine and norepinephrine.

54. Fluid entering lymphatic capillaries was previously called?

Interstitial fluid.

55. Immune cells that can differentiate into antibody-producing plasma cells?

B lymphocytes.

56. Organ important for T-cell maturation?

Thymus.

57. Male gamete?

Sperm.

58. Female gamete?

Oocyte/egg.

59. Fertilization usually occurs where?

Uterine/fallopian tube, commonly ampulla.

60. Homeostasis is commonly maintained by what feedback type?

Negative feedback.